Methods of Reflection
Methods of Reflection
A teacher who reflects only by writing alone in a notebook tends to confirm what they already believe. The methods in this chapter widen the lens. They use questions, partners, groups, and structured cycles of action to make reflection harder to fake and easier to act on.
Schon’s reflection in and on action, and the five levels described by Zeichner and Liston
Johns’s question-led approach, with example questions from Maughan, Webb, Biggs, and Tang
Carr and Kemmis on action research as a self-reflective spiral that improves practice from the inside
A trusted partner who asks naive questions, challenges assumptions, and stays out of the evaluator role
Group discussion with warm, cool, and hard feedback, run by a facilitator who keeps the focus tight
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